01
Different instruments. Different operating models.
Traditional bank settlement
Established bank-account and correspondent arrangements remain central to many international transfers, often using messaging networks and multiple institutional relationships.
Stablecoin infrastructure
Fiat and digital-asset service providers can enable conversion, transfers and settlement in supported stablecoins, with operational, safeguarding, regulatory and counterparty risks that need to be assessed.
Tokenised bank deposits
Bank-issued token representations of deposit claims are being developed and deployed in selected institutional settings. Availability and interoperability depend on the participating banks, jurisdictions and supporting platforms.